Formal and Informal Perfume

Formal wear is a dress label, if you attend a party or a meeting, you can not wear the same scent for every occasion, that's why they need to make an informed decision when perfumery.

What are the different types of perfume?

There are several classifications of families of aromas and fruit, flowers, animals, wood and chemicals or synthetic. Each of them, a different atmosphere and different setting. That's why perfume is a fruity place in a formal setting, and synthetic fragrances are not really impressive, like outside or in informal situations.

Similarly, the intensity of the perfume should be different in different contexts, in a closed room or a board in the office wearing a perfume scent, which is excessive for you and your family very uncomfortable. In an office environment, you have the perfume, which does not make you smell and feel good, but you must be quiet and subtle.

When you exit, you need to change, to perfume. The perfume is personal, but the sun and outside the staff can feel very obvious to others, and this time you must use one that is stronger and can last for a long period of time. Perfume can be deodorant, which hide the smell of sweat.

What perfume for men?

These principles are the same for men and women, but men rarely or sweet fruity fragrance, fragrance line for men on the ground and wooded, and something that is exotic and macho. perfumes for men must necessarily be subtle and elegant. Perfumes, which are loud does not make the necessary impression on the next person.

Among men in the field, musk, spices and perfumes are very popular woodland. All fragrances are crushed and sensual, which is the use of these odors will be very attractive to women. designer perfume makers use them not only the manufacturers of perfumes usual, these odors. Designer perfumes are expensive and very fashionable, so they can perfect gift for their loved ones.

To donate, you can choose the one most talked about, on a large selection of perfumes on the Internet. Payment is easy and does not have to comply with those present. The gift comes at the perfect time and an additional impression of your attention.

You can find a large selection of perfumes on the Internet if you want to remove the mark, but the use of smell and a unique opportunity, you can visit thousands of stores and find one that is perfect for you.

Perfumes are the perfect complement to good clean look, this additive can be used on a regular basis, you can own perfume, you can use a new one each day, depending on the mood.

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Sarah Jessica Parker - "Lovely" Perfume

Sarah Jessica Parker fragrance as "Lovely" is the latest fragrance by Coty has developed. "Lovely" is a great fragrance, which includes a wonderful combination of rosewood, tangerine, apple martini, bergamot and lavender. The heart of this fragrance is an elegant blend of patchouli and orchard. Top perfumes, white amber, musk, cedar wood and are added to the mixture. Sarah Jessica Parker fragrance "Lovely" was inspired by Sarah's love of movies, and unexpected flavors.

"Lovely" has the scent of pure innocence mixed with the exotic nature of a precious oil and the sophistication of delicate perfume. Overall, the Beautiful "is undoubtedly a true classic. Sarah Jessica Parker, the stars are the hottest television show in the world," Sex and the City "has dreamed of her own perfume, because it was a small child, and now they are the leaders in the coating to create its own elegant fragrance.

In the background, "Lovely"

Sarah Jessica Parker fragrance "Lovely" was launched in New York, and it was a win in the rest of the United States, Asia and Europe. The main reason why Sarah has created this perfume because I wanted to feel his life and reflects the subtle elegance, which affect all susceptible women are powerful, but worldwide. Company Coty launched Sarah Jessica Parker has also launched a fragrance line, Victoria and David Beckham.

Sarah said that the perfume be intentionally quiet, and that smell will not be aggressive, you feel, even before a person walks into the room. Sarah does not have the fragrance of social skills, she wanted to have more fragrance, subtitle, which was usually a woman, who will win someone nearby.

As mentioned earlier, Sarah Jessica Parker has always dreamed of having her own fragrance line and has many good memories surrounding his presence when she thinks about some of the odors. Once developed its own line of perfume, photo or video relating to "her mother's White Linen" by Estee Lauder permanently on his head. Sarah is a fashion icon for all the fans of Carrie Bradshaw, and because she was very reluctant to launch a fragrance line, because I did not want his fans to get an idea and I think that it tries to sell her perfume product name.

Covet

When Sarah Jessica Parker fragrance "Covet" people described him as a classic feminine fragrance. "Covet" is an agreement forest Fougere, lavender and geranium is accompanied by floral notes and the moist green sensual base notes of chocolate. Top notes consist of chocolate, wet vegetables, lemon, geranium and lavender leaves. Heart notes consisting of magnolia, honeysuckle, lily and Michelia. Background composed of vetiver, teak wood, musk, cashmere wood and amber.

In total, these two are very elegant perfume smells that can be hot during the day. Most of these fragrances is that they are inspired by women dreams. Sarah Jessica Parker has always dreamed of having her own line of fragrance and was inspired by his mother to realize their dreams and achieve them. Over the years, Sarah has managed to achieve these goals, and now she is on the right path to success than ever.

"Covet" and "Lovely" is a sensual fragrance that will attract two person, whether or not male or female. These two fragrances are built on dreams and that should inspire each of you to realize their dreams, because today everything is possible. If you work hard to achieve their goals in life may be, it can take time, but you can achieve the goals you set yourself in life.

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Some Types of Perfume

There are several types of smells in the perfume industry. However, there are six major odors, which are the most popular and prevalent in modern society. For example, boys do not get angry if a special type of girl perfume for special occasions, he may examine the different flavors to see which one is for her.

Floral

Most perfumes are created by the cloves and it is a very popular scent of flowers used to create floral scent of rose, gardenia, carnation, jasmine and orange blossom. Sometimes they are mixed to create a floral bouquet. It is recommended that a flower will Curios Britney Spears.

Oriental

Oriental is a good fragrance for the winter because of the strong nature of the pear is a mixture of spices, amber, balsams and resins

Subtle citrus flavors are sweet, which is best when used in summer. Fragrances of citrus fruits like lemons, limes, mandarins and mandarin

Cyprus

This perfume was very popular with the people first think of the name Francois Coty fragrance was inspired by the island of Cyprus, where the scents are inhaled and form a cyprus. It is a mixture of woodland moss also indications of bergamot, oak moss, citrus and other earthy flavor

Green

When you think, think about the grass, pine trees, leaves, or something that you can find in the forest. It's a perfume ideal for athletes.

Fougere

a strong odor used primarily by men, but women also like the smell. It is a combination of fresh herbs and bottom foam.

Even if there are six main types that make up the scents of perfume, there are other types of odors that are just as beautiful as

Ocean

Which are synthetic fragrances, which mimic the smell of the ocean and the environment.

Fruity, crisp sheets and fresh scent, like the scent of fruit. This is a great fragrance of summer time.

Woody scent

of wood thought, when you think woody scents, these scents come from the bark, moss and other things found in the woods.

So, choosing a perfume, it is best to dab a touch or two on hand, if you like how it reacts with the body's natural chemicals to see if he likes the smell it creates . Some people like certain smells, some people can be flexible in trying different flavors and there was some odor seasons. The ideal would be to wear one in winter oriental fragrance and not try the fruity or floral fragrance for a summer. The connection to the season of the fragrance is pleasant to follow a routine, because the odor can vary from $ 20 per bottle for a few hundred dollars per bottle. It would be a cost effective way to save money, as the years advocates of best selling perfumes months, sometimes mixing scents to wear on a daily or seasonal basis.

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How To Make a Pearl

The key to the great pearl earstuds Is To make sure, Pearls and Their settings (pins), "it" together. In addition, use the glue, Which Is To pull and tugs at the ear can endure. Let's talk about pearls first. You can get fresh water, sea, or artificial pearls (For more information about the pearls on my Pearl Gold Pearl Facts Glossary pages.) These pearls are undrilled or half drilled. Pearls' may be round, three quarters round, flat on one side, gold MONSTER "any shape. He Said the size of pearls IS Their maximum diameter in millimeters. Would you like beads, Which Are The Sami size, surface quality / mother of pearl, and shape. It Is a Challenge to get a natural or cultured pearls, Which are Perfectly matched! How well matched pearls are earstuds affect the symmetry and their values. If you can, try to match Their Own pearls. For beads with a flat, make sure That the thickness of Each Pearl Is The set in the Sami. If the pearls are drilled, we are pearls of the holes are in the Sami seats (often in the center of the flat is the ground, as shown in my picture below).

The value of earrings est aussi Engagements by the Metal Used to earstuds. Common choices are constant (different)-carat gold, solid silver, goldfilled, plated with gold or silver over base metal, gold surgical stainless steel. After purchase earstuds earnuts (Units That Provide year earring is the ear) May Be or May not included. Earnuts are available in all of thesis metals, "as well as rubber and silicone in various styles. Match the quality of the metal on the quality of Its Pearls.

 

If the pearls are flat you want a flat keyboard earstud. If They Are drilled (a nice option That Makes the Pearl has more secure settings), you earstud with PEG. That Earstuds pad for sale are only Slightly smaller in diameter Than the beads (eg, uses a 6-mm pad for 6.5 to 7 mm pearl). Pearls do not prononcer To Be Perfectly round, so if you buy a pad That Is The Sami size, you can see the "settings" in the finished earring. If the pad is Too small, the pearl Will Be less secure and May Come from ITS settings. If the pearls are round (something Other Than Perfectly flat on one side), select the style cups earstud. If the pearls are drilled, buy cups with pins. If the pins are too long for the pearl to rest in the database (the test Before the binder), use a metal file to shorten 'em. The diameter of the cup Must Be Less than the diameter of pearls, Typically 1 mm or 2 smaller Than the diameter of the pearl. I Will not use Snap-Tite settings for pearls - They Will Be scratched by the teeth. Other secure settings, special purpose There Are Necessary for Their instructions Proper use. Here's a picture drilled and undrilled pearls. Also I've seen flat earstud (surgical stainless steel), and pairing with a cup of earstud (silver) and sterling silver Some earnuts. After the pearls and settings, select the adhesive. It Must Be waterproof, flexible, Docs not harm mother of pearl, the pearl of the safe / metal bond, Has minimum Shinkage to Treatment gold, solid cardboard, be clear and dry. There Are Several options available. I use E6000 or Goop adhesive / sealants. Fumes are toxic, so earstuds cementing and curing Should Be Carried out in a well ventilated area. Here's What You do:

Look for Some of Each Pearl IS Than the larger pad / cup, a pin, if present, matches the pearl. Basically, organize earstuds cementing Without Them. If 'everything looks okay, go to the next step.

Place a small blob of glue at the end of a toothpick (They Are UNLESS year using adhesive, WHICH IS a micro-applicator) and apply "glue to the center of the cup or pad. Spread it out a bit so the gold cup measure CF firefighters IS Covered pad, about three quarters of the way to the shore.

Set a pearl in the cup or pad. Apply a small back / Further action roll to see if It Is Properly Seated. Pearl Pressure findings "should result en additional adhesive Toward the Edge of a cup or pad. You can use a piece of paper towel to remove excess. Would you like a continuous circle of glue Between the bottom of the pearl and pearl base to seal ITS ITS setting. You do not want Goopy Mess is the pearl.

Allow the adhesive to Treatment in a well ventilated, warm area. Cure means clustering That You Give Them Time to jump in and let the various forms of smoke to Dissipate. One of the vapor Given off by the sealant with acetic acid (a component of vinegar). If the sealant off-gassing IS Still earstuds and closing in the Confined Space (eg plastic bag), the risk of Damaging the nacre of the pearl and corrosion of the setting. Rates depend on the curing temperature, so the bond created Will Be Faster Than Normal room temperature in a cool temperature. Conditions of Treatment Stated Usually we are the label.

After the curing process, your pearl earstuds are ready to Be worn gold packaging. Enjoy! You can use the Sami process to Other types of earstuds. Be Careful When Choosing Your adhesive, howeve, Since sacrifice part of the materials or Backings Their 'may be inconsistent (for example, to get Ruined!) Using Some ved. Always read the label on the adhesive Prior to use.

Here's a picture Perfectly round pearl, very close to the hole. You can see a layer of mother of pearl and shell beads gold The Beginning of "seed", if you look at the hole with glass beads and pearls breeding with very thick nacre. This area IS delicate and Should Be Completely Covered / protected by the cup and the cup Conjunction earstud.

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Know Jewelry "Pearl"

Unlike gemstones produced deep in the earth, pearls are created by living creatures called mollusks. Mollusks live in marine and freshwater, and even on earth. They have soft, fleshy bodies protected by shells, and we know their common names, such as mussels, oysters, scallops, mussels and snails.

All shellfish, which gives the surface can produce pearls. However, while there are over 100,000 types of shells, only a few types, usually these two plans (clams), generally produce pearls. Pearls of snails and other animals a shell is quite rare.

via fieldmuseum

What are The Types of Pearls

In principle, all the beads can be listed in two categories: freshwater and saltwater pearls beads. Can also be divided into natural pearls, cultured pearls. high value of natural pearls does not mean they are better than those for breeding. This is because they are rare, and their chances of finding the man may still be rare.

 

According to CIBJO pearl book, the term "Pearl" should refer only to pearls. And the term "kennel" Pearl is still used for cultured pearls such as Akoya pearls, freshwater pearl culture. However, the reproduction is so common and natural are so rare, and because of the brevity, we will use as a cultured pearl beads in this section.

 

Four beads most often see and buy are:

1. Freshwater pearls
2. Akoya Pearls
3. South Sea Pearls
4. Black Sea South Pearl / Tahitian Pearl

 

These last three are the pearls of the sea

 

 

Other types of pearls:

Blister Pearl
Beads that attach to the inner surface of shells of oysters and mussels.

 

 

Mabe Blister

Pearl assembled culture pearls. Once the blister pearl is cut from the shell, the kernel Pearl is kidnapped. The last hole is filled with wax and covered with nacre will open. Mabe Pearls are not as strong as blister pearls.

 

 

Pearl sawn
half of the pearl of all. It is about eliminating the flaws of pearl whole.


Keshi pearls
which are grown in tissue culture accidentally or soft pearl pearl products after harvest.

 

 

 

Scallop Pearl
Also known as "lion's paw beads, shells are subnodosus Nodipecten.

 

 

Mother of pearl
lining inside hard shells of molluscs

 

 

Pearl Abalone
Abalone Pearl. This baroque gem has often forms a unique and wonderful glow of the rainbow. Their price may be an amount of $ 2,000 per carat, depending on their quality.

 

 

Shell Pearl
 Lovely pink pearls - they come in large bowl. Because of the rarity of the pearl, however small, pale and irregular can retail for over $ 500 per carat.

 

 

 

via shecypearljewelry

Diamond Jewelry Model Year 2008

A year went by the old and the new has begun. This means that the trend of recent years, the styles and methods are not obsolete and new trends and styles Hipper go to the party. This includes clothing, handbags, belts, shoes, accessories and jewelry of course.

So, knowing that in 2008 the trend of diamond jewelry is very important not only for themselves but for others it may also shop. It seems each year the jewelry trend became even more spectacular and brilliant and trends in diamond jewelry in 2008, this year is even better. There are many designs and styles of necklaces, bracelets, anklets, bracelets, rings and earrings, which offer new Hipper, happy attitude of man today.

2008 Trends in diamond jewelry are some of the warmer colors such weeded to make room for the bright blues, such as sapphire, topaz, aquamarine, and is mixed with diamonds for a classic beauty and elegant jewelry designs added this year.

Pinker diamonds and purple amethyst and topaz button added will also be important, especially in spring and summer of this year in 2008, the trend in diamond jewelry. Now, the pink diamonds in the highlights and darker are fashionable, pink is now a "HOT" is the color of the moment. This applies to everything from clothes, shoes, accessories, belts, handbags and even mobile phones and computers, including bright colors. So, to start with short time, if your favorite color is pink then this is your year.

Another trend in 2008, diamond jewelry can not expect to do a lot of great beginnings. Its yellow diamonds and other stones like citrine, yellow topaz and zircon are more affordable for people portfolio. Yellow diamonds are placed in bracelets, rings, necklaces, earrings, brooches and hair clips, or the same handles for fun and exciting combination of systems for fashion this year. Bring the bright, vivid colors and will let more sun.

In 2008, trends in diamond jewelry with you to see much more updated versions of the jewels of the past. charm bracelets and necklaces make a big comeback this season 2008. Instead of the standard gold or silver vintage does now, these items are available with an extra shine and beauty of diamonds, as well. These diamonds may be in a range of colors to your taste and be worn with anything.

The fashion trend 2008 Making the most popular vintage diamond other than the return of the spindle. Brooches were worn on everything from decorating a hat, pendants and accessories and apparel. However, these are proven favorites increasingly Hipper and the designs of the date of adding to the elegance of brilliant cut diamonds. In spring and summer, brooches, some animal or safari theme will be enormous, and the clothes shown on the tracks in Safari models.

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Sony Ericsson MBW-150-Music Edition Bluetooth Watch

If there is one thing unboxing Daily Mobile with Sony Ericsson MBW-150 Music Edition Bluetooth Watch tells us is that it is a bloody great! Check the profile of the game and shot in the arm after the final, you seriously need to arm pull this look off. It is a pity, because otherwise they are attractive spectacle: ID and SMS notifications, monitor information on the screen to see the delicious and the ability to change songs and volume AVRCP profile.

The MBW-150 on the photo is "Music" edition, Sony Ericsson has also "Classic" and "Executive" versions

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Sony Ericcson MBW-200 - Bluetooth Wristwatch

Clock in life today is not only watches. Something must be hours and hours wrist just to display the time in reality is a sad reality. Yes, Sony Ericcson MBW-200 provides incredible Wrist Watch Bluetooth. This watch has many features that fail to adhere to wonder if both the wristwatch is possible! Bluetooth Watch is in addition it is extremely useful in daily life is very elegant and fashionable. It has a large number of different colors, making it have an attractive appearance.

It connects wirelessly to Bluetooth phones for Sony Ericcson. It has all the main control buttons are mobile, such as managing your discreet phone calls. It does connect to a distance of 10 meters from the mobile. Bluetooth Watch OLED screen, and also has advantages, such as battery, auto-linking feature, and automatic synchronization. This is the best companion for all, as it sticks with you for the projection of the value of time! This amazing show is rarely used and accessories.

Bluetooth Watch is a perfect combination of colors that shine and keep shining every time, like fine diamonds! So do not miss this exceptional watch and go home as soon as possible. Buy this shows us only € 180 and take advantage of its wonderful features throughout life.

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Diamond Type Distribution

A clean diamond is composed solely of carbon. However, diamond crystals often contain certain amounts of trace elements, which take place in some of the carbon atoms, especially those of nitrogen. Diamond can be divided into two types of diamonds, as nitrogen is present in large quantities or not in the crystal structure of coal.

• Type 1 diamonds contain nitrogen atoms as the main impurity (up to 0.2%).
• Diamond Type 2 does not contain substantial nitrogen pollution.

Type 1a

The majority of all natural diamonds are type 1A. The nitrogen in these diamonds is present as aggregates of two, three and four atoms. Diamonds 1AA nitrogen present as aggregates two nitrogen atoms. 1AB type of nitrogen present as aggregates of diamonds four nitrogen atoms in the workplace. Type 1 aa / B contain both A and B forms of nitrogen. A and B aggregates cause absorption in the infrared spectrum, but do not affect the color.

Type 1a, with four nitrate collected

Type 1AB, the nitrogen atom next to the vacancy

Generally, diamonds contain B also contain aggregates of aggregates of three nitrogen atoms. This is called color center N3 (N for "physical" is not nitrogen). N3 color centers give rise to the N2 and N3 absorption, affecting the blue-violet region of the visible spectrum. These absorption are responsible for a series of Cape diamonds known. Upson yellow saturation power depends on N2 and N3 absorption. N3 is characterized by the color of the center line at 415 nm (absorption of the N3), more peaks between 415 and 478nm (absorption N2) and ethernet broadband in the ultraviolet. Under the hand spectroscope 415 nm line may be visible. However, sometimes diamond cooling is necessary to absorb all the properties.

Line 415 nm should be regarded as a bluff, the series

Type 1b

Any nitrogen present in the diamond type 1B is that the individual atoms replace carbon atoms at random in the crystal structure of coal. The resulting surplus elevtion merger led to the absorption of blue light, which causes a yellow color. Higher concentration of nitrogen, the darker yellow. Golden yellow color is also possible, traditionally called "canary yellow.

Type 1b, isolated nitrogen atom substitution (red)

Type 1b stones absorb the blue part of the visible spectrum and may have a small absorption peaks at 503 nm and 637 nm. The main feature of type 1b diamond characteristic infrared absorption band at 1130 cm-1 and the line marked to 1344 cm-1.

                                                                Canary yellow diamond

Type 2A

Type 2a diamonds are rare and occur in nature as an irregular shape, and not with a clear face. Type 2a diamonds are almosr pure, containing small amounts of nitrogen. They are excellent conductors of heat.

Type 2a diamonds that do not contain vacancies or lattice deformation of the crystals are colorless. Start Cullinan diamonds and Sierra Leone are examples of the type 2a diamonds.

                                                             Star of Sierra Leone

Type 2b

Type 2b diamonds contain boron atoms as a main component of pollution. 2b type natural diamonds, the boron concentration is only about 0.5 parts per million (0.5 ppm). Boron exists as atoms replace carbon atoms at random in the crystal structure of diamond.

                                  Type 2b, the boron atoms (green) replaces a carbon atom

Boron atoms have one electron less than carbon atoms, the shortage of energy is absorbed wavelengths, visible or red end of the spectrum. The absorption of this type 2b gives diamonds their color blue. Hope Diamond is one of the most famous diamonds known typw 2b diamond.

                                                                   Hope Diamond

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Know The Type Of Diamond

Pink Diamonds

Diamond Rose is the most rare and valuable diamond.The Argyle mine in the world is primarily a source of intense pink diamonds unprecedented production of 95% of world supply. However, a very small proportion of Argyle Diamonds production is Pink, in fact, less than one tenth of 1% is classified Pink.

Legend of Argyle pink diamond has grown over the last ten years. Christie's auction in 1989 in New York, 3.14 carat Argyle pink sold for $ 1,510,000. Privately, Argyle has sold pink diamonds for up to $ 1 million carats.

Years of white diamond was considered the most beautiful diamond in the world, discover the Argyle mine announced the arrival of Argyle pink diamond. Not pink diamonds displaying shades of intense colors were observed. The pink diamonds of India, Brazil and Africa is typically light in color and lighter when placed beside the intensely Argyle pink diamonds. Natural colored diamonds have been around as long as the classic white, but in much smaller quantities and never in high demand.

Argyle pink diamond is in delicate pastel shades of raspberry and rose to a strong full-blooded red-purple. The price per carat depending on the intensity of color. Argyle selects only its most vibrant pink diamonds for polishing at its head office in Perth. No, the stones are polished in different texts, such as the wonderful round, marquise, oval and pear, to enhance their natural beauty. Polished pink diamonds are available in the range of the same size traditional commercial size.

Once a year, Argyle Diamonds issues a special edition of outstanding pink diamonds that are sold in deals abroad and by invitation only, Pink Diamond Tender.

White Diamonds

White diamonds are produced by mines all over the world in various forms and sizes.The white diamonds recovered from the Argyle mine are particularly brilliant and of high quality.

white diamonds with secondary pink color

Argyle mine produces white diamonds with secondary pink color, which is a high price per carat. In similar to that described for pink champagne diamonds, white diamonds appear in bold flashes of pink light, seen from above. The rising prices commanded for pink secondary color depending on the depth and strength, because pink is one of the rarest colors in diamonds.

Champagne Diamonds

Champagne diamonds are naturally colored diamonds that are produced in a wide range of colors Cognac straw-rich light.

4C to color, cut, clarity and carat of colored diamonds, as diamonds are colorless, except the intensity of color, not its absence, plays a more important role in the evaluation.

Argyle Diamonds created the following scale specifically for champagne diamonds. Diamonds are classified C1-C7 color scale. C1 and C2 represent light champagne, C3 and C4 by champagne, and C5 and C6 dark champagne. Fancy Cognac Diamond is classified C7.

Diamonds Pink Champagne

attractive champagne diamonds with secondary pink color and are available at a higher price per carat of diamonds champagne. These stones display slight flashes of pink in their fatty fire.

Argyle Pink Champagne Diamonds are available in three ranges of shades, light and medium pink champagne and pink champagne.

As pink is one of the rarest colors in diamonds, even secondary colors demand a higher price depending on the depth and strength of color.

Yellow Diamonds

Fancy yellow diamonds come in many colors from light yellow to a rich color Canary.

The limited amount of imagination yellow diamonds are recovered from the Argyle mine.

Blue Diamonds

fancy blue diamonds are available in a wide range of shades of sky blue to a more "steel" color of sapphire.

Limited quantities of fancy blue diamonds are recovered from the Argyle mine.

Green Diamond

Fancy green diamonds are also available. Usually, penetration of the color is not very deep and often removed during the preparation of the stone.

The limited amount of imagination green diamonds are recovered from the Argyle mine.

Diamond Simulants

Cubic Zirconia

Cubic zirconia (CZ) is the simulator of the most common diamond. All commercial CZ is formed in the laboratory but also in nature. In both synthetic and natural forms, CZ is colorless, but the color can be placed. Thermal tester can quickly and easily detect the AP.

Synthetic Moissanite

moissanite synthetic diamond is a new fluid to join the long list of products that mimic diamonds. While moissanite is sold as a new single, synthetic stone, and some of its properties are quite similar to those of diamonds to lend to confusion in trade.

Natural moissanite first time in a meteorite crater in the early twentieth century, but most is produced synthetically as a natural moissanite is very rare. Chemically, it is a carbide Silicon, also known as "carborundum", which is widely used for abrasive and for use in the electronics industry.

Synthetic moissanite is a diamond simulant Cubic Zirconia, but it can be passed as diamond testers widely used by the thermal plume, as it has thermal properties similar to diamonds. However, it can be easily identified by other methods.

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Gold Production in History

In the 6,000 years a little over 125,000 tonnes of gold was extracted. But this story is clearly divided into two eras: before and after the race for gold in California in 1848. Some calculations indicate that up to that time, nearly 10,000 tons of gold have been unearthed since the dawn of time. In this way, over 90% of the world gold has been produced since 1848.

figure Gold via phongpo

                                                        figure gold mine via judasfavre

The beginning of gold mining by the Egyptians around 2000 BC (in areas that are now Egypt, Sudan and Saudi Arabia), it is considered that did not produce more 1 tonne per year. Maybe 5-10 were manufactured during the Roman Empire (mainly from Spain, Portugal and Africa), but in the darkness of the Middle Ages (500-1400 AD) production from the mountains Central Europe, probably fell to less than one tonne. Throughout this period he was also the gold is mined and worked in South America, where the art of jewelry has reached a very high level.

Since the mid-15th century Gold Coast in West Africa (now known as Ghana) have become an important source of gold, may provide 8.5 tons per year. In the early 16th century Spanish conquest of Mexico and Peru have opened an additional source of gold. For nearly 17 centuries, from 1910 to 1912 tonnes per year were provided by the Gold Coast and in South America as well. Gold was discovered in Brazil in the mid - 16th century, but production does not seem important until the early 18th century, began a major supply comes from Russia, and an annual world production increased to 25 tons. In 1847, a year before the gold rush in California, Russian production has represented from 1930 to 1935 tonnes of the global total of about 75 tons. Gold rushes, and later discoveries in South Africa has radically changed the image of Russian production, but continues to grow, reaching about 60 tons in 1914.

The turning point in the history of gold mining came with the discovery in Sutter's Mill in the American River in January 1848, which launched a new era gold. Now gold mining has taken an entirely different dimension. California has increased, reaching 77 tons in 1851 (Golden Age, Australia) and peaked in 1853 at 93 tons. Australian gold rush to find the place, who have not reached a climax in 1856 with 95 tons. Global production at this time is spent at 280 tons in 1852 and further to nearly 300 tonnes of Australia has prospered.

Production has been raised to a higher level in 1886 with the discovery of gold in the huge pool of coral Witwatesrand of South Africa. Gold was first recognized in the eastern Transvaal in 1873, but initially it was evident that the Witwatersrand deposits have been completely different order. South Africa ousted the United States, the world's premier in 1898, a position held almost without interruption until today. In 1884, the first year of their recordings, in South Africa is the source of about 40% of all gold ever produced. The most productive year in 1970, when more than 1,000 tons mined, which represents more than three-quarters of the western world production.

Although South Africa's gold mining start-up, two other gold rushes up. In 1893, gold was found in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, since then, more than 1,300 tons have been extracted in the form of Kalgoorlie's Golden Mile "alone. Australian production peaked in 1903 at 119 tons, has not yet reached the level of 1988. In 1896, the alluvial deposits in the Yukon Territory in Canada, to open the Gold Rush, which has 75 tons over the next three years. At the turn of the century, world production has averaged 400 tonnes per year.

For most of the twentieth century, gold mining was in decline in many countries. There was a brief revival after the rise in the price of gold at the end of 1930, 1940, U.S. production of 155 tons, and the following year, Canadian production reached 172 tons, a record that was up 'in 1991. But it was the dramatic increase in prices of 1980, the industry experienced another transformation. old mines have been reactivated, and research activity has exploded.

World production of the West in 1980 has almost doubled from 962 tonnes in 1980 to about 1744 tons ten years later. A new era of gold rushes up, with prospectors swarming alluvial deposits in various countries such as Brazil, Venezuela and the Philippines. Serra Pelada in Brazil has been one of the richest gold deposits ever found, which gives 13 tons in 1983 alone.

Application of new technologies in mining, milling recovery and contributed to the growth. They have allowed the development of deposits that were deemed unprofitable, particularly in Nevada, USA, over 60% of the U.S. in late 1980, Western Australia.

Canadian production over the next three years, has increased the price of gold, 51.6 tonnes in 1980 to 175.3 tonnes in the peak in 1991. The industry is more traditional, mines, and not mine. The most important new discoveries in the Hemlo area in northern Ontario, the three mines produce about 35 tons per year.

Possibilities for the future of the mine are encouraging, particularly low-grade epithermal deposits of the Pacific "Rim" fire in the greenstone belt of South America, sub-Saharan Africa (including Ghana), the CIS republics such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Although the industry has faced serious challenges in the early 1990s, a discount to gold and stricter controls on the environment, prices rose after 1993 provided a new incentive. Exceed a period of rapid growth, but with less output of South Africa, world production should remain stable.

via goldfeverprospecting

How Classification of Diamonds

Diamonds are generally classified into the categories of natural diamond, synthetic industrial diamond and diamond thin film on the basis of their training.

 

Diamonds are the most exciting gift a woman can dream. Words, Äúdiamond, the AU comes from the Greek word, which means Äúadamas AU Äúinvincible. "Because of the atomic structure, diamond is the hardest natural matter. Bijou transparent is expensive and is made of carbon.

 

Natural diamonds, as its name suggests, are diamonds that come from nature. Natural diamonds are divided into four categories depending on the type and quantity of pollutants in them. They are:

• Type 1: This type contains nitrogen 0.3% and 98% of diamonds are of this type. They are either pale yellow or brown, because they absorb blue light.
• Type 1b: This type contains 500 ppm of nitrogen. They are yellow, orange, green or brown.
• Type 2: This type contains small amounts of nitrogen and is almost free of all forms of pollution. It is the purest form of diamond, and is generally colorless.
• Type 2b: It is a rare type of natural diamond, and contains a very small amount of nitrogen. Diamonds of this type are colored blue and 0.1% of all diamonds together.

 

Then, synthetic diamonds are those which are produced artificially by high pressure high temperature synthesis. In this process, the graphite and the catalysts are enormous hydraulic pressure and are also exposed to high temperatures for several hours. It automatically converts diamond graphite. Manufactured diamonds are so small and are used as cutting and grinding, but their quality is lower, so they can not be regarded as a stone. Therefore, these diamonds are marked by the industrial performance.

 

The third type of diamond is known as diamond thin films. Such diamonds are produced by a process called Chemical Vapor Deposition.

 

Color plays an important role in the differentiation of diamonds. Whites are produced in all the mines around the world. Pink Diamonds are the most extraordinary of all. Similarly, there are yellow diamonds, green diamonds and blue diamonds, the quantities produced by the Argyle mine in Australia. This mine is also 95% of the world, aos pink diamond generation.

 

via mapsofworld

How to Know Diamonds - GIA According Guide

Before the purchase of diamonds, then you should consider and pay attention to many things to spend money, not lost in vain. We can examine the experts' discussions, such as the GIA (Gemological Institute of America). Here's what you should consider before buying a diamond.

Carat

Diamonds and other gemstones are weighed in carats meters: one carat equals 0.2 grams, about the same weight Paperclip. (Do not confuse carat with CARAT, as in "18-carat gold", which refers to the purity of gold.)

As the dollar is divided into 100 cents, carat is divided into 100 points. For example, a diamond weighing 50 carats point 0:50. But two diamonds of equal weight boxes have very different values depending on the other members of the Four C: clarity, color and cut. Most diamonds used in jewelry CARAT weight or less.

Because even a fraction of boxes CARAT significant differences in cost, accuracy is very important. In the diamond industry, weight is often measured in one hundred thousandth CARAT, a hundredth of a carat. weight of a diamond over one carat are expressed in carats and decimals. (For example, CT 1:08. Stone is described as a "single point of eight carat Oh" or "one of the eight.")

Getting Started CARAT?

CARAT, a standard unit of weight for diamonds and other precious stones, derives its name from the carob seed. Because these small grains have a fairly homogeneous mass of EME operators have used early as a counterweight to balance the scales. Modern metric carat, equal to 0.2 grams, was adopted by the United States in 1913 and shortly thereafter in other countries. Today carat weighs exactly the same in all corners of the world.

Color

Diamond color is what you do not see. Diamonds are graded by how much they are willing to address gray - less color, the more valuable. (An exception is a fancy color diamond, pink and blue, Standard and Poor ", which goes beyond the range of colors.)

Most diamonds found in jewelry stores run from colorless to almost colorless, with hints of yellow or brown.

color scale for diamonds GIA is an industry standard. The scale begins with the letter D, or colorless and continues with an increase in the presence of the color of the letter Z, or almost colorless. Each class letter clearly defined set of color appearance. Diamonds are graded by color, by comparing them with stones of known color under controlled lighting and precise viewing.

Many of these colors subtle distinctions so they are invisible to the untrained eye. These small differences, but rather a very big difference in quality and price of diamonds.

Clarity

Because diamonds are formed deep in the earth under extreme heat and pressure, they often contain unique birthmarks, or internal (inclusions) and external (blemishes).

Purity refers to the absence of these inclusions and blemishes. Without these signs of diamonds are rare, rare and affects the value of a diamond. Using the GIA International Diamond Grading System ™, diamonds are given a degree of clarity that ranges from Flawless (FL) to diamonds with visible inclusions (I3).

Each diamond is unique. None is absolutely perfect in 10 × magnification, although some come close. Known for flawless diamonds are extremely rare. Most jewelers have never seen.

GIA Clarity Scale includes 11 species, most diamonds VS (very slightly included) or SI (slightly included) category. To determine the degree of transparency in the GIA considers the size, type, location, color or relief, and the amount of clarity characteristics visible under magnification × 10.

Flawless (FL) - No inclusions or visible damage to the grader qualified at a magnification of 10 ×

Internally Flawless (IF) - No inclusions and discoloration is only visible to the qualified grader at a magnification of 10 ×

Very, very slightly included (VVS1 and VVS2) - Inclusions are difficult for a skilled grader to see the larger 10 ×

Very slightly included (SP1 and SP2) - inclusions are clearly visible at 10 × magnification, but may be considered a minor

Slightly Included (SI1 and SI2) - inclusions visible to the qualified grader at a magnification of 10 ×

Included (I1, I2 and I3) - inclusions visible under 10 × magnification and may affect transparency and brilliance.

Cut

Fuel cut, which is a factor of fire diamonds, sparks and glare.

58 aspects of the traditional round brilliant cut diamond, each carefully cut and defined, are as small as two millimeters in diameter. But without this precision, a diamond, you can no longer be so beautiful. Charm Diamond particular depends more cutting than anything else.

Although very difficult to analyze or quantify the full size of the diamond has three attributes: Brilliance (amount of light reflected by the diamond), fire (dispersion of light on the colors of the spectrum) and scintillation (flashes of light and glare, and the diamond is moved PLS).

Top of the understanding of diamond shaped like a diamond. The shape of the bright standard tower is normally used in most diamond jewelry. All other forms are known as fantasy. Traditional forms of fantasy include marquise, pear, oval, emerald cuts. Hearts, cushions, triangles and many others also gaining popularity in the diamond jewelry.

As a value factor, but refer to the proportion cut diamond polish and symmetry. For example, look at the side view of a standard cycle brilliant. The main components, from top to bottom, are crowns, belts and flags. round brilliant cut diamond has 57 facets, or 58, 1958 for an apartment, the guy at the bottom of the flag is known as the culet. The large flat facet on top of the table. Proportions of a diamond refers to the relationship between the size of a table, crown angle and depth of the flag. A wide range of combinations are possible, and these ultimately affect the interaction of light with a stone.

via gia